ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1: PRE-WRITING
1.1 Choosing and narrowing a topic (Mond. 30th Sept. 2019)
Technology
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Modern Technology
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Topic: Technology --> Mobile Phones
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Networking sites
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Consequences and changes in society
1.2 Brainstorming (Thursd. 1st Oct. 2019)
- Listing
Topic: Chinese food Deep spoons
Use of sticks A lot of prepared food
Too many fish and vegetables Use of knives
Noodles Ideal weight
Eat on the floor Chew opening their mouths
Soups with many elements Candies you have to prepare yourself
Traditional plates Healthy diet
Uncooked food
Elements Custome Food
Use of sticks Eat on the floor Too many fish and vegetables
Deep spoons Traditional plates Soups with many elements
Use of knives Ideal weight A lot of prepared food
Chew opening their mouths Candies you have to prepare yourself
Healthy diet Uncooked food
- Freewriting
Topic: Sports
Doing sports is really good for your health. It makes you move your brain and your badoy. There are a lot of types os sports and really different. The categories are good because it makes groups with kids so they make friends. They have to promote theirselves to be better and I don't know how it gets to the olympics or something. Here in Spain the most famous sport is football and people love it. I am against football players get paid a lot of money for playing with a ball. But of course they have to train a lot to get that condition. I've seen some of them at TV when they play ballet or something. Sports are sometimes divided because people think they are for women or men. Kids have to be careful when they play because they can get sore , and sometimes can be forever or even ruin their professional careers.
-Clustering (Mapping)
- Asking questions
Topic: Dancing
-What makes you dance? People have the amazing skill of using sounds to make rythms, and you feel them. That's why you move along the music. We can "delete" stress, feel free...
- How many types of dancing are there? There is a big range of styles depending on what kind of music we are taking about. which one you choose has to do with your personality.
- Where can you learn? All people can dance, but you have to invent the dance moves. That's why some people can help you feel good and make new moves or teach you their.
- Cubing
Topic: cinema
-DESCRIBING: cinema is a kind of art consisted on recording with a camara and making a story. It includes a lot of staff and production, as well as alot of "atrezzo" and money.
- COMPARING: Sometimes a movie is made based on a book that has suceeded, but sometimes they are not exactly the same. Do yo prefer reading it and imagine it yourself or watch the real faces and hear the real voices?
-ASSOCIATION: When a movie has suceededm there are some categories and some actor are given awards, and they make a big party with a lot of famous people invited
- ANALYZING: Actrices feel good working with actors or actrices? can they fall in love behind the screen? how is a director as a boss like?
-APPLYING: cinema's principal aim is to entertein, but sometimes the stories told can be inspiring for others with a similar situation.
-ARGUING: not everybody can accept cinema as a good way to spend time because it makes you stay in front of a screen, but it's a really good entertaiment for those who like watching films and series. Yet, this makes people spend their money buying merchandise.
UNIT 2: THE STRUCTURE OF A PARAGRAPH
2.1 Topic Sentence: Topic and the Controlling Idea (Mon. 7th Oct. 2019)
Analyse the sentences
Driving on freeways requires skill and alertness
T CI
The Caribbean Island of Trinidad attracks tourists because of its calipso music
T CI
Spectacular beaches make Puerto Rico a tourists Paradise
CI T
Moving away from home can be a stessful experience for people
T CI
Many religious rules arose from the health needs of ancient times
CI T
A major problem for many students is the high cost of books
CI T
Owning a car is necessary for me
T CI
Although some people think red-light running is a mirror trafic, violation that is no worse than
jaywalking, it can, in fact, become a deadly crime
Find the better topic sentence too general- History of astronomy is interesting
too specific- Ice age people recorded the appereance of new moons by making scratches in animal bones
not complete sentence- For example, Stonehegue in Britain, built 3500 years ago
TS- Ancient people observed and recorded lunar and solar events in different ways
Topic: Lunar and solar events.
2.2 Supporting Sentences (Wedn. 9th Oct. 2019)
Page 19 ex. 9.
- Details
I will never eat dinner at The Little French Bistro again. The restaurant is not very clean. You can see dust in the corners and on the shelves. The food is expensive, but the portions are small. I never feel full after I've finiched eating. In addition, the waiters are not very friendly.
- Explanation
My favourite subject is psychology I enjoy about the ways people think and behave. I am also interested in learning about the way children's minds develope.
- Example
Even simple study habits can improve your marks. At university I learned how important it is to get enough sleep. When you are well-rested, it is easier to learn. Research shows that when people don't get enough sleep their memories aren't as effective.
2.3 Concluding Sentence (Wedn. 9th Oct. 2019)
Page 20 ex. 9.
I will never eat dinner at The Little French Bistro again. The restaurant is not very clean. You can see dust in the corners and on the shelves. The food is expensive, but the portions are small. I never feel full after I've finiched eating. In addition, the waiters are not very friendly. For these reasons, I will not visit that restaurant again.
Exercises 1.10 Organising paragraphs (Mond. 4th Nov. 2019)
1- Paragraph structure
a) What is a paragraph?
It's a group of related sentences that discuss one (usually one) main idea. It can be part of a bigger piece of writing like a book or an essay
b) What is the normal lenght of a paragraph?
There's no normal lenght, it can be a short as one sentence and as long as ten sentences
c) Is there a standard structure for paragraphs?
It has a topic sentence, supporting sentences and a concluding idea
d) How is a paragraph linkes together?
With transition signals
3- Practice A
a) Analyse the paragraph
b) Underline the phrase used to link the paragraph to the previous one
c) Underline the words and phrases used to link the paragraph
Despite this, many countries encourage the growth of home ownership- Topic
Ireland and Spain, for example, allow mortgage payers to offset payments against income tax- Example
It is widely believed that owning your own home has social as well as economic benefits- Reason
Compared to renters, homeowners are thought to be more stable members of the community who contribute more to local affairs- Supporting sentence 1
In addition, neighbourhoods of owner accupiers are considerated to have less crime and better schools- Supporting sentence 2
But above all, ownership encourages saving and allows families to build wealth- Supporting sentence 3
4- Development of ideas
a) Correct the order
b) Underline the prase used to link to the previous paragrapgh
c) Underline the words used to link the paragraph
Topic sentence
All these claims were challenged by the aconomic crash of 2008, which was in large part caused by defaults on American sub-prime mortgages
Definition
Many economists now argue that there is a maximum level of home ownership that should not be exceeded
Result 1
These had been developed to allow higher-risk poorer families to buy own homes, but contributed to a property price bubble
Result 2
Even households that had positive equility still felt poorer and reduced their spending
Result 3
Others were trapped in their houses by negative equity, in other words their houses were worth less than they had paid for them
Conclusion
When this burst, millions of people lost their homes, which for many had contained their savings
6- Practice B
a) Complete a paragraph of an essay
Topic
It has been argued rises in the rate of home ownership can increase the rate of employment
Reason
Home ownership appears to make people more reluctanc to move to find a work
Example
e.g. Spain (high ownership + high unemployment) vs. Switzerland (low ownership + low unemployment)
Argument
Other factors have been proposed, e.g. liquidity of housing markets (how easy to sell houses)
Conclusion
Theory stil controversial
b) Use the notes to write the next paragraph of the essay
1- High rates of ownership may deepen recession if labour is more static
2- After recession, rate of house moving fell sharply
3- Recession of 2008-9 gave support to theory in some US states (e.g. California, Michigan and Florida)
4- They had major housing boom in 1990s
5- One factor was number of households in negative equity
6- Having negative equity means selling house at loss
UNIT 3: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PARAGRAPH
2.1 Topic Sentence: Topic and the Controlling Idea (Mon. 7th Oct. 2019)
Analyse the sentences
Driving on freeways requires skill and alertness
T CI
The Caribbean Island of Trinidad attracks tourists because of its calipso music
T CI
Spectacular beaches make Puerto Rico a tourists Paradise
CI T
Moving away from home can be a stessful experience for people
T CI
Many religious rules arose from the health needs of ancient times
CI T
A major problem for many students is the high cost of books
CI T
Owning a car is necessary for me
T CI
Although some people think red-light running is a mirror trafic, violation that is no worse than
jaywalking, it can, in fact, become a deadly crime
Find the better topic sentence too general- History of astronomy is interesting
too specific- Ice age people recorded the appereance of new moons by making scratches in animal bones
not complete sentence- For example, Stonehegue in Britain, built 3500 years ago
TS- Ancient people observed and recorded lunar and solar events in different ways
Topic: Lunar and solar events.
2.2 Supporting Sentences (Wedn. 9th Oct. 2019)
Page 19 ex. 9.
- Details
I will never eat dinner at The Little French Bistro again. The restaurant is not very clean. You can see dust in the corners and on the shelves. The food is expensive, but the portions are small. I never feel full after I've finiched eating. In addition, the waiters are not very friendly.
- Explanation
My favourite subject is psychology I enjoy about the ways people think and behave. I am also interested in learning about the way children's minds develope.
- Example
Even simple study habits can improve your marks. At university I learned how important it is to get enough sleep. When you are well-rested, it is easier to learn. Research shows that when people don't get enough sleep their memories aren't as effective.
2.3 Concluding Sentence (Wedn. 9th Oct. 2019)
Page 20 ex. 9.
I will never eat dinner at The Little French Bistro again. The restaurant is not very clean. You can see dust in the corners and on the shelves. The food is expensive, but the portions are small. I never feel full after I've finiched eating. In addition, the waiters are not very friendly. For these reasons, I will not visit that restaurant again.
Exercises 1.10 Organising paragraphs (Mond. 4th Nov. 2019)
1- Paragraph structure
a) What is a paragraph?
It's a group of related sentences that discuss one (usually one) main idea. It can be part of a bigger piece of writing like a book or an essay
b) What is the normal lenght of a paragraph?
There's no normal lenght, it can be a short as one sentence and as long as ten sentences
c) Is there a standard structure for paragraphs?
It has a topic sentence, supporting sentences and a concluding idea
d) How is a paragraph linkes together?
With transition signals
3- Practice A
a) Analyse the paragraph
b) Underline the phrase used to link the paragraph to the previous one
c) Underline the words and phrases used to link the paragraph
Despite this, many countries encourage the growth of home ownership- Topic
Ireland and Spain, for example, allow mortgage payers to offset payments against income tax- Example
It is widely believed that owning your own home has social as well as economic benefits- Reason
Compared to renters, homeowners are thought to be more stable members of the community who contribute more to local affairs- Supporting sentence 1
In addition, neighbourhoods of owner accupiers are considerated to have less crime and better schools- Supporting sentence 2
But above all, ownership encourages saving and allows families to build wealth- Supporting sentence 3
4- Development of ideas
a) Correct the order
b) Underline the prase used to link to the previous paragrapgh
c) Underline the words used to link the paragraph
Topic sentence
All these claims were challenged by the aconomic crash of 2008, which was in large part caused by defaults on American sub-prime mortgages
Definition
Many economists now argue that there is a maximum level of home ownership that should not be exceeded
Result 1
These had been developed to allow higher-risk poorer families to buy own homes, but contributed to a property price bubble
Result 2
Even households that had positive equility still felt poorer and reduced their spending
Result 3
Others were trapped in their houses by negative equity, in other words their houses were worth less than they had paid for them
Conclusion
When this burst, millions of people lost their homes, which for many had contained their savings
6- Practice B
a) Complete a paragraph of an essay
Topic
It has been argued rises in the rate of home ownership can increase the rate of employment
Reason
Home ownership appears to make people more reluctanc to move to find a work
Example
e.g. Spain (high ownership + high unemployment) vs. Switzerland (low ownership + low unemployment)
Argument
Other factors have been proposed, e.g. liquidity of housing markets (how easy to sell houses)
Conclusion
Theory stil controversial
b) Use the notes to write the next paragraph of the essay
1- High rates of ownership may deepen recession if labour is more static
2- After recession, rate of house moving fell sharply
3- Recession of 2008-9 gave support to theory in some US states (e.g. California, Michigan and Florida)
4- They had major housing boom in 1990s
5- One factor was number of households in negative equity
6- Having negative equity means selling house at loss
UNIT 3: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PARAGRAPH
3.1 Editing
- Proofreading (Wedn. 9th Oct. 2019)
Find the mistakes:
Capitol punishment is the most awful penalty that the state can employ. Although it's use has declined worldwide in the next 50 years, it is still practiced in a significant number of countries including, China and United States. It has strong opponents and supporters, leading to fierce debate about their effectiveness. The supporters of capital punishments argue that it deters criminals from doing big crimes such as murder, because they know that they risk death themselves. Although critics argue that most murders is committed without planning, and that researches shows that murder rate is not higher in countries which haven't the death penalty. They also says that everyone should have the chance of reform, which may be achieved by a long period of imprisonment, and that state execution is a inhumane act. You can see that this is a subject that creates strong feelings, and clearly this controversy was likely to continue for many years.
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Capital punishment is the most severe penalty that the state can employ. Although its use has declined worldwide in the last 50 years, it is still practised in a significant number of countries including China and United States. It has strong opponents and supporters, leading to fierce debate about its effectiveness. The supporters of capital punishments argue that it deters criminals from doing big crimes such as murder, because they know that they risk death themselves. But critics argue that most murders are committed without planning, and that research shows that murder rate is not higher in countries which haven't got the death penalty. They also say that everyone should have the chance of reform, which may be achieved by a long period of imprisonment, and that state execution is an inhumane act. It can be seen that this is a subject that creates strong feelings, and clearly this controversy is likely to continue for many years.
Spelling: Capitol, it's, practiced, a
Word choice: awful, next, although
Singular: their
Verb form: haven't
Subject/ verb agreetment: is, says
Verb tense: was
Informal: you can see
Delete: ","
- Peer Editing (Thurs. 10th Oct. 2019)
Page 24 ex. 14.
TRUE- Details give more specific information than the topic sentence.
TRUE: An explanation tells the reader what something is or how it works.
FALSE: A detail is usually a short, personal story -> A detail is additional and specific information
FALSE: The concluding sentence uses the same words as the topic sentence -> the concluding sentence tells the topic sentence with different words
FALSE: The concluding sentence should finish the paragraph with a new idea.
FALSE: A peer editor should mark any spelling and gramar mistakes -> a peer editor should write general comments
TRUE: A peer editor should give some positive comments
FALSE: Peer editing helps the writer, not the reader -> peer editing helps both, the writer and the reader
FALSE: If a peer editor can't understand something that you wrote, then you know he or she isn't a very good reader -> If a peer editor can't understand something that you wrote, then you should maybe write it more clearly
Exercises 1.12 Re-writing and Proof-reading (Mond. 4th Nov. 2019)
2- Practice A
a)List your suggestions for the text
- Need of using trasition signals
- Need of a concluding sentence
3- Practice B
a) Re-write the paragrapgh with your improvements
Any organisation that allows researchers to interview its employes runs as risk because they may complain about the boss or about other workers. However, the danger is that employees may feel obliged to give positive answers to questions instead of their honest opinions, because they are afraid of their bosses find out what they really think. For example, if they asked about what they think about the boss or the company, even if they think there are bad things, they will say everything is okay just because of their boss reaction. Due to this fact, the reputation of the organisation may suffer. So, it is the duty of researchers to ensure that this doesn't happen. They must make it clear why they are doing the research, and maintain the anonymity of everyone involved, for instance, by using false names. If this is not done, there is agood chance of the validity of the whole research project being threatened.
4- Proof-reading
a) Underline the errors and correct them
Factual
Corruption is a problem in many countries such as Africa
Corruption is a probelem in manny cuntries such as Spain
Word ending
She was young and innocence
She was young and innocent
Punctuation
However some strains of malaria are resistant...
However, some strains of malaria are resistant...
Tense
Since 2005 there were three major earthquakes in the region
Since 2005 there are major earthquakes in the region
Vocabulary
... vital to the successfulness of a company operating in China
... vital to the succeed of a company in China
Spelling
Pervious experience can sometimes give researchers...
Previous experience can cometimes give researchers...
Singular/plural
One of the largest company in Asia
One of the largest companies in Asia
Style
Finally, the essay will clonclude with a conclusion...
Finally,...
Missing word
An idea established by David Ricardo in nineteenth century
An idea is stablished by David Ricardo in nineteenth century
Word order
A rule of marketing which states that consumers when go out shopping...
A rule of marketing which states that when consumers go out shopping...
c) Match each one to one of the problems to one type and correct them
Products like Tiger biscuits are well-known to kids- Word Choice
Products like Tiger biscuits are well-known by kids
Both companies focus on mass marketing to promote its line of products- Singular/ plural
Both companies focus on mass marketing to promote their line of products
Failure to find the right coffee may lead to torment for costumers- Delete
Failure to find the right coffe may lead to toment costumers
... different researchers have differently effects on the research- Word form
... different researchers have different effects on the research
After the single European market was stablished in 1873...- Delete
After single Europen market was stablished in 1873...
... experienced researchers can most likely come over these problems- verb form
... expereinced researchers are most likely to come over these problems
Firstly becuase, it provides them with an opportunity of borrowing capital...- Punctuation
Firstly, because it provides them with an opportunity of borrowing capital...
The company selected Hungry for setting up its research centre- Word choice
The company selected Hungry to set up its research centre
These cases demonstrate why specialists from the rest of world are eager to...- Add word
These cases demostarte why specialists from the rest of the world are eager to...
Since 2003, few companies entered the French market...- Delete word
Since 2003, few companies entered French market
d) Re-write the errors
Many non-European businesses are aiming to enter single European market as they see an unexploited potential there. There are two reasons of this interest. Firstly the non-european organisations are keen to do a business in the European markets because it is one of leading investment destination and easiest place to set up and run a business. Secondly, the single European market provide forein investors with an internationally competitive tax environment. Lastly, there's lots of rich people living in the country.
Many non-European businesses are aiming to enter single European market as they see an unexploted potential there. There are two reasons of this interest. Firstly, non-european organisations are keen on doing a business in European markets, because it is one of the leading investment destination and the easiest place to set up and run a business. Secondly, the single European market provide forein investors with an internationally competitive environment tax. Lastly, there are lots of rich people living in the country.
Exercises Error log (Mond. 4th Nov. 2019)
a) Correct the errors
V- form
Casinos attracting elderly people by offering them free gifts
Casinos attract elderly people by offering them free gifts
Plural
Football and American football are both very exiting game for spectators
Football and American football are both very exiting games for spectators
Article
Watching too much television can have ^ negative effect on children
Watching too much television can have a negative effect on children
V-pass
She concerns about the amount of money she spends with credit cards
She is concerned about the amount of money she spends with credit cards
Fragment
Although the population is increasing in larger cities
Although the population is increasing in larger cities, small towns are suffering despopulation
Wf
The first step in applying to a university is to completion an application form
The first step in applying to a university is to complete an application form
V-tense
In the past ten years, most of the country's revenue will be spent on construction of the new transport system
In the past ten years, most of the country's revenue have been spent on contruction of the new transport system
Sp
Lectures are expekted to mark students' work fairly
Lectures are expected to mark students' work fairly
b) Find the errors and correct them
Regularly exercise helps people's physical and mental health. In particular, active exercises like cycling, playing basketball, to jog, playing tennis, or walking can all be specially helpful for people's health. When people do these types of exercise three to five time per week, they can received many benefits such as reducing their weight, decreasing their blood pressure and heart rate, and getting stronger muscles. Moreover, exercise helps people feel better mentally because it can help reduce feelings of sadness, anger, or worry. There are certain chemicals in the brain that increase during people exercise, and this often makes them feel happier. With regular exercise, people can take care themselves and enjoy a better life.
Regular exercise helps people's physical and mental health. In particular, active exercises like cycling, playing basketball, jogging, playing tennis, or walking can all be specially helpful for people's health. When people do these types of exercise three to five times per week, they can receive many benefits such as reducing their weight, decreasing their blood pressure and heart rate, and getting stronger muscles. Moreover, exercise helps people feel better mentally because it can help reduce feelings of sadness, anger, or worry. There are certain chemicals in the brain that increase when people exercise, and this often makes them feel happier. With regular exercise, people can take care of themselves and enjoy a better life.
UNIT 4: DESCRIPTIVE AND PROCESS PARAGRAPHS
4.1 Process paragraphs (Thurs. 10th Oct. 2019)
Page 29 ex. 9.
Brown rice and vegetables is a simple and delicious meal to make. First, cook the rice, following the directions on the packet. Then, cut the vegetables into one-inch pieces. Next, heat the oil, chilli sauce, and garlic in a frying pan. After that, add the vegetables and fry them until they are soft, but still a little bit crunchy. Now it's time to stir in the cooked rice. After stirring the rice and vegetables together, add salt and pepper to your own taste. Finally, put the rice and vegetables into a large bowl and serve it with freshly choppedntomatoes and spring onions on top. Now you are ready to enjoy your delicious brown rice and vegetables!
Topic sentence= topic + controlling idea (reason)
Supporting sentences= Transition marks + steps (details)
Concluding sentence= topic + summary
Steps:
1- Cook the rice
2- Cut the vegetables into one- inch pieces
3- Heat the oil, chilli sauce, and garlic in a frying pan
4- Add the vegetables and fry them
5- Stir the rice
6- Add salt and pepper
7- Put them in a large bowl and put fresh chopped tomatoes and spring onions
- Transitions
Page 30 ex. 11.
Planning a holiday abroad? Here are some suggestions to make your trip successful. Firstly, find out if you need a visa for the country that you want to visit. Make sure you have enough time to apply for it before you buy your ticket. Once you've found out about visas, you should research airfares and timetables. Then, look for the best flight for you. Remember, the cheapest flight may stop over in several cities and reduce the amount of time you have to spend at your destination. You might want to fly direct. While you're researching flights, you can also ask your travel agent about getting a good deal on a hotel. It's a good idea to book your flight and hotel early if you're sure of your destination. If you haven't already done it, the next step is to learn about places to visit, the weather, the food, and other details about the country. The Internet can be a very useful source of information. Finally, o the day of your flight, make sure you go to the airport at least two hours before your flight. Now you are ready to start enjoying your holiday!
Page 31 ex. 12
a- 2 Next, make a written test that checks the grammar point you are researching. This could be a fill-in-the-blanks test, a correct-the-errors test or another style. It should have at least ten quiestions, but it should not be too long
b- 4 after giving the written test, interview each learner individually for about ten minutes. Try to make the interviews informal and friendly. Be sure to ask questions that will encourage learners to use the grammar point you are researching. Record the interviews (Ask for learner's permission first)
c- 6 After you have counted the errors, calculate the score as a percentage. Do this for the written test and the spoken interview
d- 5 Next, read the tests and listen to the recordings. Make a note of how many times your chosen grammar point was used, and how many times it was used incoreectly. Do this for both the written test and the recorded conversation
e- 3 Third, find about ten intermediate-level English learners who will agree to take your test. Arrange a time to give the test to each learner
f- 7 Finally, prepare two graphs to campare your results. Did learners make more mistakes on the written test or while they were speaking?
g- 1 First, choose a common English grammar point you would like to use in your research. Ask your teacher for a suggestion if you need help choosing one
- Proofreading (Wedn. 9th Oct. 2019)
Find the mistakes:
Capitol punishment is the most awful penalty that the state can employ. Although it's use has declined worldwide in the next 50 years, it is still practiced in a significant number of countries including, China and United States. It has strong opponents and supporters, leading to fierce debate about their effectiveness. The supporters of capital punishments argue that it deters criminals from doing big crimes such as murder, because they know that they risk death themselves. Although critics argue that most murders is committed without planning, and that researches shows that murder rate is not higher in countries which haven't the death penalty. They also says that everyone should have the chance of reform, which may be achieved by a long period of imprisonment, and that state execution is a inhumane act. You can see that this is a subject that creates strong feelings, and clearly this controversy was likely to continue for many years.
|
Capital punishment is the most severe penalty that the state can employ. Although its use has declined worldwide in the last 50 years, it is still practised in a significant number of countries including China and United States. It has strong opponents and supporters, leading to fierce debate about its effectiveness. The supporters of capital punishments argue that it deters criminals from doing big crimes such as murder, because they know that they risk death themselves. But critics argue that most murders are committed without planning, and that research shows that murder rate is not higher in countries which haven't got the death penalty. They also say that everyone should have the chance of reform, which may be achieved by a long period of imprisonment, and that state execution is an inhumane act. It can be seen that this is a subject that creates strong feelings, and clearly this controversy is likely to continue for many years.
Spelling: Capitol, it's, practiced, a
Word choice: awful, next, although
Singular: their
Verb form: haven't
Subject/ verb agreetment: is, says
Verb tense: was
Informal: you can see
Delete: ","
- Peer Editing (Thurs. 10th Oct. 2019)
Page 24 ex. 14.
TRUE- Details give more specific information than the topic sentence.
TRUE: An explanation tells the reader what something is or how it works.
FALSE: A detail is usually a short, personal story -> A detail is additional and specific information
FALSE: The concluding sentence uses the same words as the topic sentence -> the concluding sentence tells the topic sentence with different words
FALSE: The concluding sentence should finish the paragraph with a new idea.
FALSE: A peer editor should mark any spelling and gramar mistakes -> a peer editor should write general comments
TRUE: A peer editor should give some positive comments
FALSE: Peer editing helps the writer, not the reader -> peer editing helps both, the writer and the reader
FALSE: If a peer editor can't understand something that you wrote, then you know he or she isn't a very good reader -> If a peer editor can't understand something that you wrote, then you should maybe write it more clearly
Exercises 1.12 Re-writing and Proof-reading (Mond. 4th Nov. 2019)
2- Practice A
a)List your suggestions for the text
- Need of using trasition signals
- Need of a concluding sentence
3- Practice B
a) Re-write the paragrapgh with your improvements
Any organisation that allows researchers to interview its employes runs as risk because they may complain about the boss or about other workers. However, the danger is that employees may feel obliged to give positive answers to questions instead of their honest opinions, because they are afraid of their bosses find out what they really think. For example, if they asked about what they think about the boss or the company, even if they think there are bad things, they will say everything is okay just because of their boss reaction. Due to this fact, the reputation of the organisation may suffer. So, it is the duty of researchers to ensure that this doesn't happen. They must make it clear why they are doing the research, and maintain the anonymity of everyone involved, for instance, by using false names. If this is not done, there is agood chance of the validity of the whole research project being threatened.
4- Proof-reading
a) Underline the errors and correct them
Factual
Corruption is a problem in many countries such as Africa
Corruption is a probelem in manny cuntries such as Spain
Word ending
She was young and innocence
She was young and innocent
Punctuation
However some strains of malaria are resistant...
However, some strains of malaria are resistant...
Tense
Since 2005 there were three major earthquakes in the region
Since 2005 there are major earthquakes in the region
Vocabulary
... vital to the successfulness of a company operating in China
... vital to the succeed of a company in China
Spelling
Pervious experience can sometimes give researchers...
Previous experience can cometimes give researchers...
Singular/plural
One of the largest company in Asia
One of the largest companies in Asia
Style
Finally, the essay will clonclude with a conclusion...
Finally,...
Missing word
An idea established by David Ricardo in nineteenth century
An idea is stablished by David Ricardo in nineteenth century
Word order
A rule of marketing which states that consumers when go out shopping...
A rule of marketing which states that when consumers go out shopping...
c) Match each one to one of the problems to one type and correct them
Products like Tiger biscuits are well-known to kids- Word Choice
Products like Tiger biscuits are well-known by kids
Both companies focus on mass marketing to promote its line of products- Singular/ plural
Both companies focus on mass marketing to promote their line of products
Failure to find the right coffee may lead to torment for costumers- Delete
Failure to find the right coffe may lead to toment costumers
... different researchers have differently effects on the research- Word form
... different researchers have different effects on the research
After the single European market was stablished in 1873...- Delete
After single Europen market was stablished in 1873...
... experienced researchers can most likely come over these problems- verb form
... expereinced researchers are most likely to come over these problems
Firstly becuase, it provides them with an opportunity of borrowing capital...- Punctuation
Firstly, because it provides them with an opportunity of borrowing capital...
The company selected Hungry for setting up its research centre- Word choice
The company selected Hungry to set up its research centre
These cases demonstrate why specialists from the rest of world are eager to...- Add word
These cases demostarte why specialists from the rest of the world are eager to...
Since 2003, few companies entered the French market...- Delete word
Since 2003, few companies entered French market
d) Re-write the errors
Many non-European businesses are aiming to enter single European market as they see an unexploited potential there. There are two reasons of this interest. Firstly the non-european organisations are keen to do a business in the European markets because it is one of leading investment destination and easiest place to set up and run a business. Secondly, the single European market provide forein investors with an internationally competitive tax environment. Lastly, there's lots of rich people living in the country.
Many non-European businesses are aiming to enter single European market as they see an unexploted potential there. There are two reasons of this interest. Firstly, non-european organisations are keen on doing a business in European markets, because it is one of the leading investment destination and the easiest place to set up and run a business. Secondly, the single European market provide forein investors with an internationally competitive environment tax. Lastly, there are lots of rich people living in the country.
Exercises Error log (Mond. 4th Nov. 2019)
a) Correct the errors
V- form
Casinos attracting elderly people by offering them free gifts
Casinos attract elderly people by offering them free gifts
Plural
Football and American football are both very exiting game for spectators
Football and American football are both very exiting games for spectators
Article
Watching too much television can have ^ negative effect on children
Watching too much television can have a negative effect on children
V-pass
She concerns about the amount of money she spends with credit cards
She is concerned about the amount of money she spends with credit cards
Fragment
Although the population is increasing in larger cities
Although the population is increasing in larger cities, small towns are suffering despopulation
Wf
The first step in applying to a university is to completion an application form
The first step in applying to a university is to complete an application form
V-tense
In the past ten years, most of the country's revenue will be spent on construction of the new transport system
In the past ten years, most of the country's revenue have been spent on contruction of the new transport system
Sp
Lectures are expekted to mark students' work fairly
Lectures are expected to mark students' work fairly
b) Find the errors and correct them
Regularly exercise helps people's physical and mental health. In particular, active exercises like cycling, playing basketball, to jog, playing tennis, or walking can all be specially helpful for people's health. When people do these types of exercise three to five time per week, they can received many benefits such as reducing their weight, decreasing their blood pressure and heart rate, and getting stronger muscles. Moreover, exercise helps people feel better mentally because it can help reduce feelings of sadness, anger, or worry. There are certain chemicals in the brain that increase during people exercise, and this often makes them feel happier. With regular exercise, people can take care themselves and enjoy a better life.
Regular exercise helps people's physical and mental health. In particular, active exercises like cycling, playing basketball, jogging, playing tennis, or walking can all be specially helpful for people's health. When people do these types of exercise three to five times per week, they can receive many benefits such as reducing their weight, decreasing their blood pressure and heart rate, and getting stronger muscles. Moreover, exercise helps people feel better mentally because it can help reduce feelings of sadness, anger, or worry. There are certain chemicals in the brain that increase when people exercise, and this often makes them feel happier. With regular exercise, people can take care of themselves and enjoy a better life.
UNIT 4: DESCRIPTIVE AND PROCESS PARAGRAPHS
4.1 Process paragraphs (Thurs. 10th Oct. 2019)
Page 29 ex. 9.
Brown rice and vegetables is a simple and delicious meal to make. First, cook the rice, following the directions on the packet. Then, cut the vegetables into one-inch pieces. Next, heat the oil, chilli sauce, and garlic in a frying pan. After that, add the vegetables and fry them until they are soft, but still a little bit crunchy. Now it's time to stir in the cooked rice. After stirring the rice and vegetables together, add salt and pepper to your own taste. Finally, put the rice and vegetables into a large bowl and serve it with freshly choppedntomatoes and spring onions on top. Now you are ready to enjoy your delicious brown rice and vegetables!
Topic sentence= topic + controlling idea (reason)
Supporting sentences= Transition marks + steps (details)
Concluding sentence= topic + summary
Steps:
1- Cook the rice
2- Cut the vegetables into one- inch pieces
3- Heat the oil, chilli sauce, and garlic in a frying pan
4- Add the vegetables and fry them
5- Stir the rice
6- Add salt and pepper
7- Put them in a large bowl and put fresh chopped tomatoes and spring onions
- Transitions
Page 30 ex. 11.
Planning a holiday abroad? Here are some suggestions to make your trip successful. Firstly, find out if you need a visa for the country that you want to visit. Make sure you have enough time to apply for it before you buy your ticket. Once you've found out about visas, you should research airfares and timetables. Then, look for the best flight for you. Remember, the cheapest flight may stop over in several cities and reduce the amount of time you have to spend at your destination. You might want to fly direct. While you're researching flights, you can also ask your travel agent about getting a good deal on a hotel. It's a good idea to book your flight and hotel early if you're sure of your destination. If you haven't already done it, the next step is to learn about places to visit, the weather, the food, and other details about the country. The Internet can be a very useful source of information. Finally, o the day of your flight, make sure you go to the airport at least two hours before your flight. Now you are ready to start enjoying your holiday!
Page 31 ex. 12
a- 2 Next, make a written test that checks the grammar point you are researching. This could be a fill-in-the-blanks test, a correct-the-errors test or another style. It should have at least ten quiestions, but it should not be too long
b- 4 after giving the written test, interview each learner individually for about ten minutes. Try to make the interviews informal and friendly. Be sure to ask questions that will encourage learners to use the grammar point you are researching. Record the interviews (Ask for learner's permission first)
c- 6 After you have counted the errors, calculate the score as a percentage. Do this for the written test and the spoken interview
d- 5 Next, read the tests and listen to the recordings. Make a note of how many times your chosen grammar point was used, and how many times it was used incoreectly. Do this for both the written test and the recorded conversation
e- 3 Third, find about ten intermediate-level English learners who will agree to take your test. Arrange a time to give the test to each learner
f- 7 Finally, prepare two graphs to campare your results. Did learners make more mistakes on the written test or while they were speaking?
g- 1 First, choose a common English grammar point you would like to use in your research. Ask your teacher for a suggestion if you need help choosing one
Write a parapraph:
Brainstorm
Here you are some tips about making your nails look fashionable! Firstly, think about what you want them to look, if you are going to combine several colors... Now be sure of the design you'll make, if you want spots, stripes or even to cover only a part of the nail, Once you've decided, put the first coat carefully, and let it set for some minutes. When you are sure they're dried, draw your pattern using either a stick or the pencil itself. The following step is optional, after it's dried, you can apply some transparent coat so it will las more. Finally, remove carefully the nail polish that could have fallen on your finger with cotton and nail polish remover. Now, everyone will envy you for your amazing nails and your hands will look cooler!
4.2 Descriptive paragraphs (Frid. 11th Oct. 2019)
Page 32 ex. 14
I live next to a park, which is in the middle of the city centre. The park is large and is full of tres and grass, like almost every park. OTher than that, there is a lake in the middle of the park where you can see people enyoying many activities, such as playing with their pets... You cannot miss all the acuatic animals you see from outside the lake, it's fantastic! Despite the cold water of the lake, you can enjoy the sunny weather to get a perfect tan. For this reason, there are a lot of open spaces to sit on and relax. What differences this park from others is than it has a lot of great paths that you can walk on, and everywhere you walk you can see blue and white flowers, and their scent is wonderful. This could be the perfect place to organasi a picnic with your family! This is why I really enjoy spending time in this park.
Brainstorm
Here you are some tips about making your nails look fashionable! Firstly, think about what you want them to look, if you are going to combine several colors... Now be sure of the design you'll make, if you want spots, stripes or even to cover only a part of the nail, Once you've decided, put the first coat carefully, and let it set for some minutes. When you are sure they're dried, draw your pattern using either a stick or the pencil itself. The following step is optional, after it's dried, you can apply some transparent coat so it will las more. Finally, remove carefully the nail polish that could have fallen on your finger with cotton and nail polish remover. Now, everyone will envy you for your amazing nails and your hands will look cooler!
4.2 Descriptive paragraphs (Frid. 11th Oct. 2019)
Page 32 ex. 14
I live next to a park, which is in the middle of the city centre. The park is large and is full of tres and grass, like almost every park. OTher than that, there is a lake in the middle of the park where you can see people enyoying many activities, such as playing with their pets... You cannot miss all the acuatic animals you see from outside the lake, it's fantastic! Despite the cold water of the lake, you can enjoy the sunny weather to get a perfect tan. For this reason, there are a lot of open spaces to sit on and relax. What differences this park from others is than it has a lot of great paths that you can walk on, and everywhere you walk you can see blue and white flowers, and their scent is wonderful. This could be the perfect place to organasi a picnic with your family! This is why I really enjoy spending time in this park.
UNIT 5: OPINION PARAGRAPHS
5.1 Opinion paragraphs (Mond. 14th Oct. 2019)
Page 33 ex. 1
Main idea: More people should ride bicycles into town
Purpose: To encorage people to ride bicycles more
Opinions in the text:
Car traffic in town is terrible
Cycling is good exercise
The city must not allow this problem get worse
People should ride bicycles to work and school.
Fact: Last year, seventy-three percent of all workers drove their own car to work
Page 34 ex. 2
Film review- opinion/ both
Advice column- opinion
Police report of a crime- fact
5.1 Opinion paragraphs (Mond. 14th Oct. 2019)
Page 33 ex. 1
Main idea: More people should ride bicycles into town
Purpose: To encorage people to ride bicycles more
Opinions in the text:
Car traffic in town is terrible
Cycling is good exercise
The city must not allow this problem get worse
People should ride bicycles to work and school.
Fact: Last year, seventy-three percent of all workers drove their own car to work
Page 34 ex. 2
Film review- opinion/ both
Advice column- opinion
Police report of a crime- fact
Travel brochure- fact
News report- fact
Book report for university literature class- both
Magazine advertisement- both
Personal e-mail to a friend- both/ opinion
Page 34 ex 4
Airfairs have become too expensive- opinion
Airfairs have increased- fact
English is an easier language to learn than Arabic- opinion
English is a language like Arabic- fact
Owls are birds that hunt at night- fact
Owls are awful birds than hunt at night- opinion
I was born in NYC- fact
NYC is the best city I could have been born in- opinion
Exercise is the best way to stay healthy- opinion
Exercise is a way to stay healthy- fact
Internet uses has increased every year since its beginning- fact
Internet uses have become worse fot young people- opinion
Engineering is the best career choice- opinion
Engineering is a career choice- fact
Big cities are dangerous at night- opinion
Big cities are crowded at night- fact
Page 36 ex. 9
I agree that smoking must be banned in all restaurants and bars
I disagree with students having part-time jobs
I agree that pets should be walked with their leash
I agree with the decreased of books prices
I disagree that kids should have smartphones
5.2. Connectors of cause and effect (Mond. 14th Oct. 2019)
Page 37 ex. 12
News report- fact
Book report for university literature class- both
Magazine advertisement- both
Personal e-mail to a friend- both/ opinion
Page 34 ex 4
Airfairs have become too expensive- opinion
Airfairs have increased- fact
English is an easier language to learn than Arabic- opinion
English is a language like Arabic- fact
Owls are birds that hunt at night- fact
Owls are awful birds than hunt at night- opinion
I was born in NYC- fact
NYC is the best city I could have been born in- opinion
Exercise is the best way to stay healthy- opinion
Exercise is a way to stay healthy- fact
Internet uses has increased every year since its beginning- fact
Internet uses have become worse fot young people- opinion
Engineering is the best career choice- opinion
Engineering is a career choice- fact
Big cities are dangerous at night- opinion
Big cities are crowded at night- fact
Page 36 ex. 9
I agree that smoking must be banned in all restaurants and bars
I disagree with students having part-time jobs
I agree that pets should be walked with their leash
I agree with the decreased of books prices
I disagree that kids should have smartphones
5.2. Connectors of cause and effect (Mond. 14th Oct. 2019)
Page 37 ex. 12
Because petrol is becoming scarce and expensive, we should develop electric cars
cause effect
We should develop electric cars since petrol is becoming scarce and expensive
effect cause
Petrol is becoming acarce and expensive, so we should develop electric cars
cause effect
Page 37 ex. 13
a) ,so
b) because/ so
c) since/because
d) ,so
e) because
f) therefore,
Page 38 ex. 14
The city doesn't have enough money, so we ought to increase council tax
I'm going to leave my part-time job because I don't have enoguh time for my homework
Since this summer has been very dry, some plants and trees are dying
Many students are graduating with nursing degrees. Therefore, it might be hard for nurses to find jobs in the future
My friends all recommend that restaurant, so I will try it this weekend
5.3. TED TALK (Satu. 19th Oct. 2019)
Videoclip
- What's the topic of the TED TALK? What's the main idea? When does the speaker introduce his idea? How?
The topic is everybody has an interest in education; the main idea is we should treat creativity in education as we do with literacy. He introduces the idea when he has been talking a bit about education, with examples and real facts.
- What are the means of support used by the speaker to convince us that his opinion is right? Provide examples.
He uses experiences, personal and other's. For example the girl that said in class she was painting God, the teacher said that nobody's seen God, and she said back "They will in a minute"; The coreographer that neded to move to think, if she had been in our times, she would have put under medication instead on joinning a dance school.
He uses quotes too, like Picasso said " All children are born artists"
And, he uses real facts: UNESCO said there will be more graducated people than in the beginning of history.
- What's the speaker conclusion?
We ship- nine the Earth for a particular commodity, we need to take care of humans the same way as we have started doing with the planet.
Write a paragraph about "Internet Access"
The Internet access should not be available for everybody, or at least, shouldn't be a right. Facebook co- founder Mark Zucerberg said once that Internet connectivity was a human right. This issue might be a little controversial. Society has changed, that's a fact, we all need Internet for everything. However, how can we call it a human right? For instance, in the 15th Century they didn't need Internet to live properly, but they did need food and water. If it's a rigt, does it mean we have to give an smartphone to every single new born? Another example, from this point of view, we should all own a car because transport could be a right too. However, not everybody can have a car, or why do some people have two cars, do they have more rights? Apart from this, Mark- Zuckerberg said we should give Internet to prisoners and refugees. Well, when someone's in prison, it's because they are grounded, so why would we give them Internet? They cannot work because they are in prison but they can watch their favourite series on Netflix. To sum up, Internet shouldn't be a right, connectivity is a right, we need to speak with each other because we are humans, but Internet access is only something we've created.
UNIT 6: COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
6.1 Organisation (Mond 21st Oct. 2019)
-Point-by-point
- Make a point-by-point paragraph using the example made with block organisation
Students who have Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith are inmediately aware of the difference in the lecturing manner of each teacher. Mr. Jones has a pleasant voice, which helps hold the interest of the students, while Mr. Smith has a different tone, pronunciation, expression and attitude. Mr. Jones pronounces clearly in a rythmic pattern emphasizing jey words, his moderate tone and inflected words make his lectures interesting. Nontheless, Mr. Smith has a booming voice, which commands rathen than teaches, and sometimes it is hard to understand because he runs his words together. Mr. Jones also adds humour to his subject, and he welcomes questions from students who don't understand the material. He takes his time and explains slowly. He tries to make sure that his students understand a concept before he moves on to something new. In contrast, Mr. Smith's lectures are not as interesting as Mr Jones', because Mr. Smith speaks in a boring monotne. He also hates to be interrupted; feeling that he must cover everything. Mr Smith teaches every class in a serious, determined mood, whereas Mr Jones is very enthusiastic about his subject. Thus, as the above points illustrate, the lectures of Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith are quite different.
cause effect
We should develop electric cars since petrol is becoming scarce and expensive
effect cause
Petrol is becoming acarce and expensive, so we should develop electric cars
cause effect
Page 37 ex. 13
a) ,so
b) because/ so
c) since/because
d) ,so
e) because
f) therefore,
Page 38 ex. 14
The city doesn't have enough money, so we ought to increase council tax
I'm going to leave my part-time job because I don't have enoguh time for my homework
Since this summer has been very dry, some plants and trees are dying
Many students are graduating with nursing degrees. Therefore, it might be hard for nurses to find jobs in the future
My friends all recommend that restaurant, so I will try it this weekend
5.3. TED TALK (Satu. 19th Oct. 2019)
Videoclip
- What's the topic of the TED TALK? What's the main idea? When does the speaker introduce his idea? How?
The topic is everybody has an interest in education; the main idea is we should treat creativity in education as we do with literacy. He introduces the idea when he has been talking a bit about education, with examples and real facts.
- What are the means of support used by the speaker to convince us that his opinion is right? Provide examples.
He uses experiences, personal and other's. For example the girl that said in class she was painting God, the teacher said that nobody's seen God, and she said back "They will in a minute"; The coreographer that neded to move to think, if she had been in our times, she would have put under medication instead on joinning a dance school.
He uses quotes too, like Picasso said " All children are born artists"
And, he uses real facts: UNESCO said there will be more graducated people than in the beginning of history.
- What's the speaker conclusion?
We ship- nine the Earth for a particular commodity, we need to take care of humans the same way as we have started doing with the planet.
Write a paragraph about "Internet Access"
The Internet access should not be available for everybody, or at least, shouldn't be a right. Facebook co- founder Mark Zucerberg said once that Internet connectivity was a human right. This issue might be a little controversial. Society has changed, that's a fact, we all need Internet for everything. However, how can we call it a human right? For instance, in the 15th Century they didn't need Internet to live properly, but they did need food and water. If it's a rigt, does it mean we have to give an smartphone to every single new born? Another example, from this point of view, we should all own a car because transport could be a right too. However, not everybody can have a car, or why do some people have two cars, do they have more rights? Apart from this, Mark- Zuckerberg said we should give Internet to prisoners and refugees. Well, when someone's in prison, it's because they are grounded, so why would we give them Internet? They cannot work because they are in prison but they can watch their favourite series on Netflix. To sum up, Internet shouldn't be a right, connectivity is a right, we need to speak with each other because we are humans, but Internet access is only something we've created.
UNIT 6: COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
6.1 Organisation (Mond 21st Oct. 2019)
-Point-by-point
- Make a point-by-point paragraph using the example made with block organisation
Students who have Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith are inmediately aware of the difference in the lecturing manner of each teacher. Mr. Jones has a pleasant voice, which helps hold the interest of the students, while Mr. Smith has a different tone, pronunciation, expression and attitude. Mr. Jones pronounces clearly in a rythmic pattern emphasizing jey words, his moderate tone and inflected words make his lectures interesting. Nontheless, Mr. Smith has a booming voice, which commands rathen than teaches, and sometimes it is hard to understand because he runs his words together. Mr. Jones also adds humour to his subject, and he welcomes questions from students who don't understand the material. He takes his time and explains slowly. He tries to make sure that his students understand a concept before he moves on to something new. In contrast, Mr. Smith's lectures are not as interesting as Mr Jones', because Mr. Smith speaks in a boring monotne. He also hates to be interrupted; feeling that he must cover everything. Mr Smith teaches every class in a serious, determined mood, whereas Mr Jones is very enthusiastic about his subject. Thus, as the above points illustrate, the lectures of Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith are quite different.
6.2 Advantages and Disadvantages (Thursd. 24th Oct. 2019)
Page 48 ex. 10
Topic Sentence: Studying abroad and studying in your own country both have definite benefits for a student.
Supporting sentences:
Abroad
- Everything seems new and different
- It can give you courage and self-confidence
- You learn another lenguage
- You learn more about another culture
In your own country
- It's cheaper
- Everything is familiar
- You can be close to your family and friends
Concluding sentence: So, if you are thinking about where to stuudy, consider all of these benefits and make a decision that is right for you
They're all advantages. It's a contrast paragraph with block organisation.
Page 48 ex. 11
Action films/ romantic films: you can use both
Advantages and disadvantages of living aboroad: Contrast (advantages and disadvantages)
Living in a small town/ living in a big city: both
Doing sport/ watching sport on TV: both
Advantages and disadvantages of having a job during university: Contrast (advantages and disavantages)
Page 49 ex. 13
Studying English
Takes a lot of time- Advantage
Classes are fun- Advantage
Grammar is difficult- Contrast
Useful for talking to people from other countries- Advantage
Good for usinf the Internet- Advantage
Lots of vocabulary to learn- Advantage
Too many tests to do - Advantage
Advantages and disadvantages of living aboroad: Contrast (advantages and disadvantages)
Living in a small town/ living in a big city: both
Doing sport/ watching sport on TV: both
Advantages and disadvantages of having a job during university: Contrast (advantages and disavantages)
Page 49 ex. 13
Studying English
Takes a lot of time- Advantage
Classes are fun- Advantage
Grammar is difficult- Contrast
Useful for talking to people from other countries- Advantage
Good for usinf the Internet- Advantage
Lots of vocabulary to learn- Advantage
Too many tests to do - Advantage
Helps to understand English-language films- Advantage
My friends like English- Advantage
Pronunciation is difficult- Disadvantage
Write a pros and cons paragraph
Nowadays, speaking English is something basic to communicate with others worldwide, but sometimes it isn't as good as it seems, apart from many advantages, it has disadvatages, too. Studying English is useful for talking to people from other countries, as well as it helps to understand English-language films. Another good aspect is that classes are fun, they are not only theory, and there's a lot of vocabulary to learn, so you'll have a huge range of word to use or to understand, so comprehension is easier. Similarly, there are a lot of tests to do, so it will help you not to forget what you studied to put it on pratice. Other than that, knowing English helps you use the Internet , since it's the worldwide language, and maybe for this reason, your friends like English, and you could help then and viceversa! On the other hand, a bad aspect is that grammar is difficult, it's easy to get confused. due to this fact, it takes a lot of time to learn it. Other contrary is that it's not pronounced as it's written like Spanish, so the pronunciation is difficult and we are not used to that. To sum up, I think it's worth it to learn English despite the bad disadvantages it can have.
6.3 Poetry (Thursd. 24th Oct. 2019)
Shakespear's poems
-Similes
My mistress' ayes are nothing like the sun.
Coral is far more red than her lips red.
-Personifications
... roses damasked...
Goddess go... on the ground
Nor shall death brag...
-Metaphores
... her breasts are dun.
Your own poem
UNIT 7: PROBLEM AND SOLUTION PARAGRAPHS
7.1 Writing Solutions (Thursds. 31st Oct. 2019)
Page 54 ex. 11
Topic Sentence: I need more money while I am at university
Borrow money from my friends- WEAK
Sell some of my things- OK
Ask my parents for money- OK
Go busking with my guitar- WEAK
Get a part-time job- STRONG
Drop out of university and get a full-time job- WEAK
Buy lottery tickets- WEAK
Ride my bike to university instead of using public transport- OK
Ask my lectures for money- WEAK
Buy fewer CDs and new clothes- OK
7.2 Review
Page 55 ex 14
PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS
Noisy flatmate Set aside quiet time for studying
Argue about how to decorate flat Eack person decorates half of the flat
Fighting causes stress Talk each week about concerns
Flatmate is messy Make cleaning rota
Not enough space in the kitchen Divide the use of the shelves
Sharing a flat with other students gives you some more independence, but if you don't get pn well with each other, it may be a disaster, because you need to share everything and cohabitation is different. For instance, you have a problem if your flatmate is very noisy, you don't have peace to study. Other than taht, they can be really messy, or more than you'd like them to, so you would get really annoyed. For this reason, fighting could make you feel stressed. Since you share the flat, you may have problems in decoration and organizing your different stuff.
Not getting on well with your flatmate could get worse, and make a bad environment, so you should try to search for solutions. One solution is create a timetable to have a specific time to study. You can also make cleaning rota for you to get organized, and if you feel stressed anytime, try to talk to each other! Talking about concerns will make you feel better. Finally, you can devide the shelves, so both of you will have your personal space, and you can also divide the flat to decorate it as you want. It's crucial to have a good relationship with your flatmate, if not, you won't live in a comfortable environment.
UNIT 8: THE STRUCTURE OF AN ESSAY
8.1 Structure of an essay (Thursd. 31st Oct. 2019)
Page 57 ex. 1
Changing English: The African American Influence
Lines 1-6: Introduction
Lines 7- 27: Body
Lines 28- 31: Conclusion
Thesis statement: Africans Americans, too, have both contributed new words to English and changed the meanings of some existing words
Topic Sentence paragraph 2: African Americans, many of whose ancestors were brought to the States as slaves hundreds of years ago, have introduced a number of words to English from languages that they spoke in their native countries
Supporting sentences paragraph 2: explanation
Concluding sentence paragraph 2: No one is sure where the word originally came from , but as jazz music became more and more popular, the word jazz became a common English word.
Topic sentence paragraph 3: The meaning of words sometimes change over time
Suppoting sentences paragraph 3: explanation
Concluding sentence paragraph 3: This may be because a person who is too old-fashioned and not flexible is like a shape with four straight side and four corners
Topic sentence paragraph 4: English owes some of its interesting and colourful vocabulary to African Americans
UNIT 9: OUTLINING AN ESSAY
9.1 Writing an outlining (Mond. 11th Nov. 2019)
Page 67 ex. 4
I- Doing yoga regularly can be good for your mind, your body and your emotions
II- Mental benefits
A- Develops clear thinking
1- Better capacity to study
2- Reduces stress
B- Improves concentration
1- Better for studying
2- Helps you solve problems
III- Physicial benefits
A- Improves blood circulation
1- Avoids illnesses
2- Orgarns work better (Breathe)
B- Improves digestion
1- Helps you burn calories
2-Your stomach is healthier
C- Makes you strong and flexible
1- Better physical fitness
2- Reduces muscle tension
IV- Emotional benefits
A- Reduces fear, anger, and worry
1- Makes you more positive
2- Don't worry about little things
B- Helps you feel calm and peaceful
1- Sleep better and more
2- You get less stressed
C- Develops self-confidence
1- You accept yourself
2- You have more mental-health
V- Therefore, to build mental, physical, and emotional health, consider doing yoga.
DRAFT
Yoga is thought to be something but a sport. Yet, let me tell you that is can affect your body the same way because in fact it is a sport, but not very mainstream. Doing yoga regularly can be good for your mind, your body and your emotions.
Sports in general have mental benefits for you. Particularly, doing yoga develops clear thinking. It makes you have better capacity for studying and reduce your stress for dayly life. Other than that, it improves concentration, so again, it's better for studying and helps you solve problems quickly, make decisions.
Apart from mental benefits, there a re physical ones, too. Firstly, yoga improves blood circulation, so it helps you avoid ilnesses and stay stronger. Besides your organism works better and influence a lot in your breathe, so it avoids things like asthma.
Finally, there are a lot of benefits for your emotions. For instance, it can reduce feelings like fear, anger and worry. so you have a mor positive perspective , as well as it makes you not worry about little thing without matter. Besides, it helps you feel calm and peaceful. Due to this, your sleep will be much better than before without having a lot stress, you can rest. Another posotive aspect it's tha fact that makes you develop self-confidence. Now you feel better with yourself, you don't feel so insecure, so this helps a lot to your mental-health.
Summing up, we've seen so manny positive aspect about doing yoga. However, we have to do more yoga, we need to spand it. So, to build mental, physical and emotional health, consider doing yoga.
9.2 Evaluating an Outlining (Thursd. 14th Nov. 2019)
Pag.69 ex. 5
I- The California gold rush changes San Francisco in ways that we can still see today
II- History of the gold rush
A- 1848s
1- Gold was discovered near San Francisco
2- The US president tells the country there's gold in California
B- 1849s: the gold rush begins as people from all over the world go to California to look for gold. Gold is very easy to find
C- 1850s: gold becomes more difficult to find; big expensive machines are now needed to find gold
D- 1864s: the gold rush ends
III- Changes in California in the 1800s
A- Population increased
1- More than 40,000 people moved to California in 1848-50
B- Everything became more expensive
1- Houses and lands
2- Food and clothing
3- Many new fast-food restaurants sell expensive hamburgers
C- Problemas with crime and violence
D- Technology to finda gold improved
IV- Effects on San Francisco today
A- People still come to San Francisco hoping to get rich
1- Computer industry
B- San Francisco is still an expensive city
1- Houses and lands
2- Food and clothing
3- Many new fast-food restaurants sell expensive hamburgers
C- Still problems in the city
1- Crime and violence
D- Technological development is still important
E- Character of San Francisco today
1- People are adventurous and open-minded
V- The special personality of San Francisco can be treced in part to the famous gold rush of the 1800s
Page 70 ex. 8
Outlining
I Reggeaton is considered as sexist because of the meaning of the lyrics and the way they teat woman, so it can have a huge influence in young people.
II- Meaning of the lyrics
A- Sexual issues
1- Neither love or friendship
2- Good at it
3- What they do to a woman
III- Way they treat woman
A- Stereotype
B- Toy
C- Submission
D- Jealous
IV- Reggaeton is another genre, but we must be careful of sometimes accepting and believing the meaning, overall with youngsters.
At every single party music is played, but now reggeaton is the one that is played the most. One reason may be its catchy jingle and melody, but some people are not very satisfied with the lyrics of most of the songs and they are worried about the impact it may have in society. Reggaeton is considered as sexist because of the meaning of the lyrics and the way they treat woman, so it can have a huge influence in young people.
Firstly, the lyrics can be misuderstood sometimes and not well recieved. The issue they talk about the most is sexual, and most of the singers are men. Neither friendship or love is told, and sometimes love is meant as the love they had but someone cheated or just sexual atraction. What they usually sing in the lyrics is if they were or weren't good at it, and the things they like to do. This can often be disgusting and no matter how catchy the rythm is if the lyrics is a mess., it's incredible how some people can still listen to it despite the meaning. Youngsters being on their teens, tent to be more inmature and think they know and own everything, so when they listen to the songs, they can learn something and believe the meaning, and it may turn the only thing they can talk about.
On the other hand, they don't only tell about the action, they usually describe how women react or act. Due to this, unfortunetaly, woman are stereotyped, and this is so ban influence for today's society because people divide woman just for their appereance and it makes young girls have insecurities with themselves because they consider other bodies beautiful. Besides, woman are not treated as human beings most of the time, they are described as a simple toy for men, so they can have some fun or cheat on their girlfriends because they got bored of them. For this reason, women has this image of being so controllador and jealous because they are nobody without their boyfriends. This means they have submission to men, they do whatever they want just to make them happy because think that's what they should do. This is problematic, because men can learn about this, and end up thinking about having a girl with possesion and they have to obey everything, so relationships can turn toxic, or worse.
Summing up, this could have a bad impact in society when this young people that are learning this grow, so we should control the effects and see which lyrics may be forbidden for some people to listen or for events that play it. Reggaeton is another music genre, but we must be careful sometimes of accepting and believing the meaning it can have, overall with young people.
UNIT 10: INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
10.1 Introductions (Mond. 18th Nov. 2019)
Page 72 ex. 1
Genereal ideas:
- Most Americans would probably say that their language comes from England
- English vocabulary has also been influenced by other countries and groups of people.
Thesis Statement:
- African Americans, too, have both contributed new words to English and changes the meaning of some existing words.
Page 72 ex. 2
a) Family structure has changed a lot in the last fifty years in Asia. The decrease in the number of extended families and nuclear families has caused several social changes- WEAK because it's too short, the background is missing
b) The number of busisness using the Internet for selling products has increased greatly in recent years. Shopper, too, are using the Internet in greater numbers to buy all types of products, such as books, cameras, and clothing. Although e-buisness has become popular, there are certain risks involved in Internet shopping that are a concern for both business and consumers- STRONG
c) Stargazing- looking at the stars- is something everyne should try. I love it. When people observe that the moon, planets, and stars move from the east side of the sky to the west over a period of several hours. In fact, this movement is actually the movement of the Earth rotating on its axis. In addition, as the Earth revolves around the sun throughout the year, different stars are visible at different times- WEAK because there is no thesis statement, if talks about two different things
d) The origins of Irish music can be traced back nearly 2,000 years to the time when the Celts arrived in Ireland. Music thrived under the rule of the Chieftans, but later declined during the British colonisarion of Ireland. However, during the Great Famine of the 1840s, thousands of Irish people emigrated to North America in search of a better life, taking their music with them...- WEAK because ther is extra information, it's too long
e) Adjusting to another culture's food can be a challenge for many travellers. The geography of a country can greatly affect the typical foods that are eaten by its people.- WEAK becuase there is no bakground, lack of information
10.2 Conclusions
Page 75 ex. 6
a. 3 Supermakets are the best places to buy food because of their convenience and lower prices.
b. 1 Travelling abroad is a valuable learning experience
c. 5 Learning to play a musical instrument is very beneficial for children
d. 2 Creating and owning a business offers more advantages than working as an employee in a company
e. 6 More houses should be adapted to use solar energy because it is clean and renowable
f.4 The world Wide Web can be very useful for research, but it also contains a lot of incorrect information.
1. People can learn many things by travelling to other countries.
2. Despite the challenges, being an entrepreneur can offer more benefits than other types of employment
3. The fact that larger supermarkets offer cheap prices and a large selection of products makes them the best place for shoppers.
4. The Wolrd Wide Web gives access to a huge amount of knowledge , but users shouldn't believe everything they read there
5. When children are exposed to music and are taught to play instruments such as the piano or violin, there are many positive effects.
6. The sun gives a constant, free supply of clean energy, which more homes should take advantage of.
Page 76 ex 7
a) No, becuase the introduction doesn't talk about health food
b) Yes, because the introduction tells that there are many dishes based on the culture
c) No, because the introduction doesn't speak about religion or beliefs.
10.3 Writing an Essay (Sund. 24th Nov. 2019)
At the movies Questions
1- What kind of introduction does this newspaper article have?
b) It begins with an example and ends with the thesis statement
2- What kind of conclusion does it have?
c) It gives an example that contrasts with the main points
3- What words in the thesis statement indicate that the article uses logical division of ideas as a pattern of organization?
"four different personality types"
4- What two kinds of supporting details are used in this article?
Examples and quotations
5- The pyscologist who made the study used one kind of support, and the writer of the article reporting the results of the study used another kind. Which person used which kind?
The psycologist used quotations
The writer used examples
PARTS
INTRODUCTION- first paragraph
Pattern- surprising fact
Thesis statement- Physoclogist Donna Dawson divided moviegoers into four different types based on their seating preferences and cities examples of movie characters who fit those types
MAIN BODY- paragraphs 2, 3 and 4
Main idea- Sit on the aisle
Supporting point- "detached observers"
Supporting point- Centeno
Supporting point- Jack Nicholson
Main idea- Front row
Supporting point- "front row film fanatic"
Detail- like to see movies with others
Supporting point- Mike Meyer and Julia Roberts
Main idea- Middle row
Supporting point- "middle-of-the-roaders
Detail- get along with others
Supporting point- Gloria and Tom Candelaria
Main idea- Back row
Supporting point- Rebellious and like excitement
Supporting point- Clint Eastwood and Sigourney Weaver
CONCLUSION- last paragrapgh
Quot- Chris Marshall
Restates the thesis statement- "...where he likes to sit..."
Write an essay
You are what you wear
Nowadays, there is a huge range of styles to choose among. We are lucky we are free to wear what we like, centuries ago you had to dress up like your social class, yet, it depends on your likes. What you wear may describe your personality and there are three different types.
Firstly, we have the "comfy" ones, who want the comfortable clothes. It' curious because they are often awful, and they don't worry too much about their appearence, just how they fell. For examples, some musicians from low neighbourhoods can have this look, or people like hippies or the ones who are againts capitalism and money.
Then, there are the ones who are a "combo". They wear clothes that are not too bad, they are still pretty and comfortable, but a bit elegant and stylish. This people want to feel good withemselves and with the clothes but are insecure about their appearence and what others could think. That's why they don't give a bad image, but they don't want to be in the spotlight either.
Finally, there are the "extra". They don't care about how the clothes feel wearing them. Tis people are highly self-concious, so they care a lot about the image they give. Due to this, they always wear fancy clothes that look pretty and tredy and try to cover every single detail. They are really picky about how it suit them, as well.
Summing up, your clothes tell something about youself because there is a reason why you chose them. But, remember to always do what is in your hand to make yourself georgous to yourslef first, not others.
UNIT 11: UNITY AND COHERENCE
Page 86 ex. 7
Ho Chi Minh City, in Vietnam, is a fascinating destination for travellers to Southeast Asia. It is located on the Mekong River. It was once an important trading centre for the French in Southeast Asia. In fact, the influence of French cultures can still be felt. Due to this fact, people especially the older generations, learned French in school and still can speak it very well. Even today some cafés serve French- style bread and pastries in Ho Chi Minh City and expensive hotels and restaurants serve French food. Besides, many of the buildings in the city are built in French style. However, the Vietnamese and the French fought and the French eventually left the country's long- and often bloody- history. So, if you are looking for a unique city to visit in Southeast Asia, Ho chi Minh City is an attractive choice.
Page 86 ex. 8
b) an important problem in your country
I) Education in Spain is not in a good moment because it doesn't value your work
A) Marks
1) Everything depends on your marks
2) Your mark represents you
3) Just wants you to memorise
B) Your effort
1) Hard worker person/ not hard worker person
C) Doesn't care about the students
1) Don't understand them
2) Don't care about knowledge
II) Spanish education should change its way of examining people and focus on their learning
Page 86 ex. 9
Education is not as Good as most people think. Some countries make a real effort to make their youngsters good workers and want to have all the facilities to fulfill their espectatives, like Denmar or Norway. Education is the base of society, without it, the society cannot evolve. It gives people the knowledge to continue the chain, but it's not the same everywhere. However, education in Spain is not in a Good moment because it doesn't value your work.
Firstly, your education depends on your marks a lot. Whatever you do is going to be in your marks, and depending of the quality of your work you will have more or fewer. Even people critisice other depending on their marks, some people think your mark tells everything about you. Besides, you are not intended to learn, they just want you to memorise all they want you to and just throw it on the exam, and even if you don't remember anything, if your mark is Good, they Will congratulate you.
On the other hand, education might be unfair sometimes. For example, a person that is always working but had a bad day in the exam and got a 5 out of ten and a person that jjust did it 10 minutes earlier and got a 9 out of ten, who do you think they will think is better? They don't care about your effort, they want you to have the highest marks.
Furthemore, education is a cold system. Teachers are not really close to their students. They are not there to help them and tr to understand them, they just want to do their job and get paid. For instance, my English teacher in high school was awful. She was a complete disaaster organisinz herself and then she would be angry with us without doing anything, and she didn't even care about our names. In education, some teachers dont't really care if you understand or not, they jusat want you to do what they tell you to.
All in all, education needs to be analyzed and changed in those aspects that are not working, because educations is essential for living in society and progress. Spanish education should change its way of examining people and just focus on their learning.
UNIT 12: ESSAYS FOR EXAMINATIONS
Page 92 ex. 5
a) Some people like to organise their own trips, and others like to travel on a professionally organised tour. Which do you prefer, and why?
I- Organising your own trip is better because you can decide what you'd like to do
A- Booking the hotel
B- Places to visit
C- Perfect time to travel/ Spand of time
V- Organising yourself a trip gives you the freedom to be the one who decides depending on your likes.
b) Yor community is considering building a new shopping centre in the centre of town. Do you support or oppose this plan? Give specific reasons in your answer
I) Building a shopping centre can be a really god idea because it can help both entrepreneurs and public.
A) Helps the entrepeneur
B)Helps the public
II) Building this kind of centres have a Good impact on people and it makes everyone satisfied
c) Discuss why music is an important part of people's lives
I) Music can be an essential of people's lives because it can help them physically and emotionally
A) Physically
B) Emotionallly
III Listening to music is a Good way to calm yourself and made you feel better. Besides, according to specialists, listening to music can help you avoid menatl deseases.
d) What do you feel Will be the most popular career choices for Young people in your country in the next five years ? Explain your answer with examples.
I) In Spain people are getting more likely to videogames so that's why it would be probably a good career in the next 5 years
A) Youngters play videogames
B) Advance in technology
C) Worship Youtubers and gamers
II) Working on videogames is getting more usual as time passes by and it has a lot of future as a vocation
e) Compare and contrast sending personal letters by e-mail and by post. Which do you prefer, and why?
I) People can clasify themselves depending on what way they use to send letters, by e-mail or by post, and as well as they have their similarities and differences
A) Similarities between them
B) Differences between them
II) As we have seen, they lok alike but they also have their differences, but the best way is by post because it the feeling of wrting in a paper by hand, and seeing your writing doesn't compare to anything.
My friends like English- Advantage
Pronunciation is difficult- Disadvantage
Write a pros and cons paragraph
Nowadays, speaking English is something basic to communicate with others worldwide, but sometimes it isn't as good as it seems, apart from many advantages, it has disadvatages, too. Studying English is useful for talking to people from other countries, as well as it helps to understand English-language films. Another good aspect is that classes are fun, they are not only theory, and there's a lot of vocabulary to learn, so you'll have a huge range of word to use or to understand, so comprehension is easier. Similarly, there are a lot of tests to do, so it will help you not to forget what you studied to put it on pratice. Other than that, knowing English helps you use the Internet , since it's the worldwide language, and maybe for this reason, your friends like English, and you could help then and viceversa! On the other hand, a bad aspect is that grammar is difficult, it's easy to get confused. due to this fact, it takes a lot of time to learn it. Other contrary is that it's not pronounced as it's written like Spanish, so the pronunciation is difficult and we are not used to that. To sum up, I think it's worth it to learn English despite the bad disadvantages it can have.
6.3 Poetry (Thursd. 24th Oct. 2019)
Shakespear's poems
-Similes
My mistress' ayes are nothing like the sun.
Coral is far more red than her lips red.
-Personifications
... roses damasked...
Goddess go... on the ground
Nor shall death brag...
-Metaphores
... her breasts are dun.
Your own poem
Languages
Be pure as gold,
be good as sport.
wherever you go,
SIMILES
you'll find a use for making everything better,
'cause they're beautiful as a rose.
Languages shine in society,
they are in our mind,
they'll never die
if you ever try
PERSONIFICATION
to connect with others
your beautiful heart.
People are the motor,
languages are the gasoline,
they make everything move METAPHORE
until everyone feels
they are a light in the dark
and everything goes fluid.
Languages are the base of society,
If there’s no connection, there’s no humanity.
UNIT 7: PROBLEM AND SOLUTION PARAGRAPHS
7.1 Writing Solutions (Thursds. 31st Oct. 2019)
Page 54 ex. 11
Topic Sentence: I need more money while I am at university
Borrow money from my friends- WEAK
Sell some of my things- OK
Ask my parents for money- OK
Go busking with my guitar- WEAK
Get a part-time job- STRONG
Drop out of university and get a full-time job- WEAK
Buy lottery tickets- WEAK
Ride my bike to university instead of using public transport- OK
Ask my lectures for money- WEAK
Buy fewer CDs and new clothes- OK
7.2 Review
Page 55 ex 14
PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS
Noisy flatmate Set aside quiet time for studying
Argue about how to decorate flat Eack person decorates half of the flat
Fighting causes stress Talk each week about concerns
Flatmate is messy Make cleaning rota
Not enough space in the kitchen Divide the use of the shelves
Sharing a flat with other students gives you some more independence, but if you don't get pn well with each other, it may be a disaster, because you need to share everything and cohabitation is different. For instance, you have a problem if your flatmate is very noisy, you don't have peace to study. Other than taht, they can be really messy, or more than you'd like them to, so you would get really annoyed. For this reason, fighting could make you feel stressed. Since you share the flat, you may have problems in decoration and organizing your different stuff.
Not getting on well with your flatmate could get worse, and make a bad environment, so you should try to search for solutions. One solution is create a timetable to have a specific time to study. You can also make cleaning rota for you to get organized, and if you feel stressed anytime, try to talk to each other! Talking about concerns will make you feel better. Finally, you can devide the shelves, so both of you will have your personal space, and you can also divide the flat to decorate it as you want. It's crucial to have a good relationship with your flatmate, if not, you won't live in a comfortable environment.
UNIT 8: THE STRUCTURE OF AN ESSAY
8.1 Structure of an essay (Thursd. 31st Oct. 2019)
Page 57 ex. 1
Changing English: The African American Influence
Lines 1-6: Introduction
Lines 7- 27: Body
Lines 28- 31: Conclusion
Thesis statement: Africans Americans, too, have both contributed new words to English and changed the meanings of some existing words
Topic Sentence paragraph 2: African Americans, many of whose ancestors were brought to the States as slaves hundreds of years ago, have introduced a number of words to English from languages that they spoke in their native countries
Supporting sentences paragraph 2: explanation
Concluding sentence paragraph 2: No one is sure where the word originally came from , but as jazz music became more and more popular, the word jazz became a common English word.
Topic sentence paragraph 3: The meaning of words sometimes change over time
Suppoting sentences paragraph 3: explanation
Concluding sentence paragraph 3: This may be because a person who is too old-fashioned and not flexible is like a shape with four straight side and four corners
Topic sentence paragraph 4: English owes some of its interesting and colourful vocabulary to African Americans
UNIT 9: OUTLINING AN ESSAY
9.1 Writing an outlining (Mond. 11th Nov. 2019)
Page 67 ex. 4
I- Doing yoga regularly can be good for your mind, your body and your emotions
II- Mental benefits
A- Develops clear thinking
1- Better capacity to study
2- Reduces stress
B- Improves concentration
1- Better for studying
2- Helps you solve problems
III- Physicial benefits
A- Improves blood circulation
1- Avoids illnesses
2- Orgarns work better (Breathe)
B- Improves digestion
1- Helps you burn calories
2-Your stomach is healthier
C- Makes you strong and flexible
1- Better physical fitness
2- Reduces muscle tension
IV- Emotional benefits
A- Reduces fear, anger, and worry
1- Makes you more positive
2- Don't worry about little things
B- Helps you feel calm and peaceful
1- Sleep better and more
2- You get less stressed
C- Develops self-confidence
1- You accept yourself
2- You have more mental-health
V- Therefore, to build mental, physical, and emotional health, consider doing yoga.
DRAFT
Yoga is thought to be something but a sport. Yet, let me tell you that is can affect your body the same way because in fact it is a sport, but not very mainstream. Doing yoga regularly can be good for your mind, your body and your emotions.
Sports in general have mental benefits for you. Particularly, doing yoga develops clear thinking. It makes you have better capacity for studying and reduce your stress for dayly life. Other than that, it improves concentration, so again, it's better for studying and helps you solve problems quickly, make decisions.
Apart from mental benefits, there a re physical ones, too. Firstly, yoga improves blood circulation, so it helps you avoid ilnesses and stay stronger. Besides your organism works better and influence a lot in your breathe, so it avoids things like asthma.
Finally, there are a lot of benefits for your emotions. For instance, it can reduce feelings like fear, anger and worry. so you have a mor positive perspective , as well as it makes you not worry about little thing without matter. Besides, it helps you feel calm and peaceful. Due to this, your sleep will be much better than before without having a lot stress, you can rest. Another posotive aspect it's tha fact that makes you develop self-confidence. Now you feel better with yourself, you don't feel so insecure, so this helps a lot to your mental-health.
Summing up, we've seen so manny positive aspect about doing yoga. However, we have to do more yoga, we need to spand it. So, to build mental, physical and emotional health, consider doing yoga.
9.2 Evaluating an Outlining (Thursd. 14th Nov. 2019)
Pag.69 ex. 5
I- The California gold rush changes San Francisco in ways that we can still see today
II- History of the gold rush
A- 1848s
1- Gold was discovered near San Francisco
2- The US president tells the country there's gold in California
B- 1849s: the gold rush begins as people from all over the world go to California to look for gold. Gold is very easy to find
C- 1850s: gold becomes more difficult to find; big expensive machines are now needed to find gold
D- 1864s: the gold rush ends
III- Changes in California in the 1800s
A- Population increased
1- More than 40,000 people moved to California in 1848-50
B- Everything became more expensive
1- Houses and lands
2- Food and clothing
3- Many new fast-food restaurants sell expensive hamburgers
C- Problemas with crime and violence
D- Technology to finda gold improved
IV- Effects on San Francisco today
A- People still come to San Francisco hoping to get rich
1- Computer industry
B- San Francisco is still an expensive city
1- Houses and lands
2- Food and clothing
3- Many new fast-food restaurants sell expensive hamburgers
C- Still problems in the city
1- Crime and violence
D- Technological development is still important
E- Character of San Francisco today
1- People are adventurous and open-minded
V- The special personality of San Francisco can be treced in part to the famous gold rush of the 1800s
Page 70 ex. 8
Outlining
I Reggeaton is considered as sexist because of the meaning of the lyrics and the way they teat woman, so it can have a huge influence in young people.
II- Meaning of the lyrics
A- Sexual issues
1- Neither love or friendship
2- Good at it
3- What they do to a woman
III- Way they treat woman
A- Stereotype
B- Toy
C- Submission
D- Jealous
IV- Reggaeton is another genre, but we must be careful of sometimes accepting and believing the meaning, overall with youngsters.
At every single party music is played, but now reggeaton is the one that is played the most. One reason may be its catchy jingle and melody, but some people are not very satisfied with the lyrics of most of the songs and they are worried about the impact it may have in society. Reggaeton is considered as sexist because of the meaning of the lyrics and the way they treat woman, so it can have a huge influence in young people.
Firstly, the lyrics can be misuderstood sometimes and not well recieved. The issue they talk about the most is sexual, and most of the singers are men. Neither friendship or love is told, and sometimes love is meant as the love they had but someone cheated or just sexual atraction. What they usually sing in the lyrics is if they were or weren't good at it, and the things they like to do. This can often be disgusting and no matter how catchy the rythm is if the lyrics is a mess., it's incredible how some people can still listen to it despite the meaning. Youngsters being on their teens, tent to be more inmature and think they know and own everything, so when they listen to the songs, they can learn something and believe the meaning, and it may turn the only thing they can talk about.
On the other hand, they don't only tell about the action, they usually describe how women react or act. Due to this, unfortunetaly, woman are stereotyped, and this is so ban influence for today's society because people divide woman just for their appereance and it makes young girls have insecurities with themselves because they consider other bodies beautiful. Besides, woman are not treated as human beings most of the time, they are described as a simple toy for men, so they can have some fun or cheat on their girlfriends because they got bored of them. For this reason, women has this image of being so controllador and jealous because they are nobody without their boyfriends. This means they have submission to men, they do whatever they want just to make them happy because think that's what they should do. This is problematic, because men can learn about this, and end up thinking about having a girl with possesion and they have to obey everything, so relationships can turn toxic, or worse.
Summing up, this could have a bad impact in society when this young people that are learning this grow, so we should control the effects and see which lyrics may be forbidden for some people to listen or for events that play it. Reggaeton is another music genre, but we must be careful sometimes of accepting and believing the meaning it can have, overall with young people.
UNIT 10: INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
10.1 Introductions (Mond. 18th Nov. 2019)
Page 72 ex. 1
Genereal ideas:
- Most Americans would probably say that their language comes from England
- English vocabulary has also been influenced by other countries and groups of people.
Thesis Statement:
- African Americans, too, have both contributed new words to English and changes the meaning of some existing words.
Page 72 ex. 2
a) Family structure has changed a lot in the last fifty years in Asia. The decrease in the number of extended families and nuclear families has caused several social changes- WEAK because it's too short, the background is missing
b) The number of busisness using the Internet for selling products has increased greatly in recent years. Shopper, too, are using the Internet in greater numbers to buy all types of products, such as books, cameras, and clothing. Although e-buisness has become popular, there are certain risks involved in Internet shopping that are a concern for both business and consumers- STRONG
c) Stargazing- looking at the stars- is something everyne should try. I love it. When people observe that the moon, planets, and stars move from the east side of the sky to the west over a period of several hours. In fact, this movement is actually the movement of the Earth rotating on its axis. In addition, as the Earth revolves around the sun throughout the year, different stars are visible at different times- WEAK because there is no thesis statement, if talks about two different things
d) The origins of Irish music can be traced back nearly 2,000 years to the time when the Celts arrived in Ireland. Music thrived under the rule of the Chieftans, but later declined during the British colonisarion of Ireland. However, during the Great Famine of the 1840s, thousands of Irish people emigrated to North America in search of a better life, taking their music with them...- WEAK because ther is extra information, it's too long
e) Adjusting to another culture's food can be a challenge for many travellers. The geography of a country can greatly affect the typical foods that are eaten by its people.- WEAK becuase there is no bakground, lack of information
10.2 Conclusions
Page 75 ex. 6
a. 3 Supermakets are the best places to buy food because of their convenience and lower prices.
b. 1 Travelling abroad is a valuable learning experience
c. 5 Learning to play a musical instrument is very beneficial for children
d. 2 Creating and owning a business offers more advantages than working as an employee in a company
e. 6 More houses should be adapted to use solar energy because it is clean and renowable
f.4 The world Wide Web can be very useful for research, but it also contains a lot of incorrect information.
1. People can learn many things by travelling to other countries.
2. Despite the challenges, being an entrepreneur can offer more benefits than other types of employment
3. The fact that larger supermarkets offer cheap prices and a large selection of products makes them the best place for shoppers.
4. The Wolrd Wide Web gives access to a huge amount of knowledge , but users shouldn't believe everything they read there
5. When children are exposed to music and are taught to play instruments such as the piano or violin, there are many positive effects.
6. The sun gives a constant, free supply of clean energy, which more homes should take advantage of.
Page 76 ex 7
a) No, becuase the introduction doesn't talk about health food
b) Yes, because the introduction tells that there are many dishes based on the culture
c) No, because the introduction doesn't speak about religion or beliefs.
10.3 Writing an Essay (Sund. 24th Nov. 2019)
At the movies Questions
1- What kind of introduction does this newspaper article have?
b) It begins with an example and ends with the thesis statement
2- What kind of conclusion does it have?
c) It gives an example that contrasts with the main points
3- What words in the thesis statement indicate that the article uses logical division of ideas as a pattern of organization?
"four different personality types"
4- What two kinds of supporting details are used in this article?
Examples and quotations
5- The pyscologist who made the study used one kind of support, and the writer of the article reporting the results of the study used another kind. Which person used which kind?
The psycologist used quotations
The writer used examples
PARTS
INTRODUCTION- first paragraph
Pattern- surprising fact
Thesis statement- Physoclogist Donna Dawson divided moviegoers into four different types based on their seating preferences and cities examples of movie characters who fit those types
MAIN BODY- paragraphs 2, 3 and 4
Main idea- Sit on the aisle
Supporting point- "detached observers"
Supporting point- Centeno
Supporting point- Jack Nicholson
Main idea- Front row
Supporting point- "front row film fanatic"
Detail- like to see movies with others
Supporting point- Mike Meyer and Julia Roberts
Main idea- Middle row
Supporting point- "middle-of-the-roaders
Detail- get along with others
Supporting point- Gloria and Tom Candelaria
Main idea- Back row
Supporting point- Rebellious and like excitement
Supporting point- Clint Eastwood and Sigourney Weaver
CONCLUSION- last paragrapgh
Quot- Chris Marshall
Restates the thesis statement- "...where he likes to sit..."
Write an essay
You are what you wear
Nowadays, there is a huge range of styles to choose among. We are lucky we are free to wear what we like, centuries ago you had to dress up like your social class, yet, it depends on your likes. What you wear may describe your personality and there are three different types.
Firstly, we have the "comfy" ones, who want the comfortable clothes. It' curious because they are often awful, and they don't worry too much about their appearence, just how they fell. For examples, some musicians from low neighbourhoods can have this look, or people like hippies or the ones who are againts capitalism and money.
Then, there are the ones who are a "combo". They wear clothes that are not too bad, they are still pretty and comfortable, but a bit elegant and stylish. This people want to feel good withemselves and with the clothes but are insecure about their appearence and what others could think. That's why they don't give a bad image, but they don't want to be in the spotlight either.
Finally, there are the "extra". They don't care about how the clothes feel wearing them. Tis people are highly self-concious, so they care a lot about the image they give. Due to this, they always wear fancy clothes that look pretty and tredy and try to cover every single detail. They are really picky about how it suit them, as well.
Summing up, your clothes tell something about youself because there is a reason why you chose them. But, remember to always do what is in your hand to make yourself georgous to yourslef first, not others.
UNIT 11: UNITY AND COHERENCE
Page 86 ex. 7
Ho Chi Minh City, in Vietnam, is a fascinating destination for travellers to Southeast Asia. It is located on the Mekong River. It was once an important trading centre for the French in Southeast Asia. In fact, the influence of French cultures can still be felt. Due to this fact, people especially the older generations, learned French in school and still can speak it very well. Even today some cafés serve French- style bread and pastries in Ho Chi Minh City and expensive hotels and restaurants serve French food. Besides, many of the buildings in the city are built in French style. However, the Vietnamese and the French fought and the French eventually left the country's long- and often bloody- history. So, if you are looking for a unique city to visit in Southeast Asia, Ho chi Minh City is an attractive choice.
Page 86 ex. 8
b) an important problem in your country
I) Education in Spain is not in a good moment because it doesn't value your work
A) Marks
1) Everything depends on your marks
2) Your mark represents you
3) Just wants you to memorise
B) Your effort
1) Hard worker person/ not hard worker person
C) Doesn't care about the students
1) Don't understand them
2) Don't care about knowledge
II) Spanish education should change its way of examining people and focus on their learning
Page 86 ex. 9
Education is not as Good as most people think. Some countries make a real effort to make their youngsters good workers and want to have all the facilities to fulfill their espectatives, like Denmar or Norway. Education is the base of society, without it, the society cannot evolve. It gives people the knowledge to continue the chain, but it's not the same everywhere. However, education in Spain is not in a Good moment because it doesn't value your work.
Firstly, your education depends on your marks a lot. Whatever you do is going to be in your marks, and depending of the quality of your work you will have more or fewer. Even people critisice other depending on their marks, some people think your mark tells everything about you. Besides, you are not intended to learn, they just want you to memorise all they want you to and just throw it on the exam, and even if you don't remember anything, if your mark is Good, they Will congratulate you.
On the other hand, education might be unfair sometimes. For example, a person that is always working but had a bad day in the exam and got a 5 out of ten and a person that jjust did it 10 minutes earlier and got a 9 out of ten, who do you think they will think is better? They don't care about your effort, they want you to have the highest marks.
Furthemore, education is a cold system. Teachers are not really close to their students. They are not there to help them and tr to understand them, they just want to do their job and get paid. For instance, my English teacher in high school was awful. She was a complete disaaster organisinz herself and then she would be angry with us without doing anything, and she didn't even care about our names. In education, some teachers dont't really care if you understand or not, they jusat want you to do what they tell you to.
All in all, education needs to be analyzed and changed in those aspects that are not working, because educations is essential for living in society and progress. Spanish education should change its way of examining people and just focus on their learning.
UNIT 12: ESSAYS FOR EXAMINATIONS
Page 92 ex. 5
a) Some people like to organise their own trips, and others like to travel on a professionally organised tour. Which do you prefer, and why?
I- Organising your own trip is better because you can decide what you'd like to do
A- Booking the hotel
B- Places to visit
C- Perfect time to travel/ Spand of time
V- Organising yourself a trip gives you the freedom to be the one who decides depending on your likes.
b) Yor community is considering building a new shopping centre in the centre of town. Do you support or oppose this plan? Give specific reasons in your answer
I) Building a shopping centre can be a really god idea because it can help both entrepreneurs and public.
A) Helps the entrepeneur
B)Helps the public
II) Building this kind of centres have a Good impact on people and it makes everyone satisfied
c) Discuss why music is an important part of people's lives
I) Music can be an essential of people's lives because it can help them physically and emotionally
A) Physically
B) Emotionallly
III Listening to music is a Good way to calm yourself and made you feel better. Besides, according to specialists, listening to music can help you avoid menatl deseases.
d) What do you feel Will be the most popular career choices for Young people in your country in the next five years ? Explain your answer with examples.
I) In Spain people are getting more likely to videogames so that's why it would be probably a good career in the next 5 years
A) Youngters play videogames
B) Advance in technology
C) Worship Youtubers and gamers
II) Working on videogames is getting more usual as time passes by and it has a lot of future as a vocation
e) Compare and contrast sending personal letters by e-mail and by post. Which do you prefer, and why?
I) People can clasify themselves depending on what way they use to send letters, by e-mail or by post, and as well as they have their similarities and differences
A) Similarities between them
B) Differences between them
II) As we have seen, they lok alike but they also have their differences, but the best way is by post because it the feeling of wrting in a paper by hand, and seeing your writing doesn't compare to anything.
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